Zolai Atzia

KHIATNA KHAT NEI AWMALTE GAWM DING

Khiatna nei kammalte I gelh ciangin awmal (syllable) khatval a phak leh kimatsak ding ahi hi. Gentehna in, SA cih ciangin Voksa, Aksa om hi. KHI cih ciangin ngawng=aki=awh khi om hi. A hih hangin SAKHI cih ciangin I gensa thute tawh kibang lo a, SA le KHI kigawm maimai hi nawn lo hi. Ganhing SAKHI cihna hi a khending hi lo-in, gawm ding ahi hi.

Gentehna: Sa+khi=Sakhi, To+pa =Topa, Pa+sian=Pasian, Si+la =Sila, Khang+lo=Khanglo, Khel+bai=Khelba, Lei+tung=Leitung, Van+gam=Vangam, Tang+tung=Tangtung, Khum+kham=Khumkham, Van+leng=Vanleng, Ciang+tan=Ciangtan, Siam+sin=Siamsin, Kawng+gak=Kawnggak.

KAMMAL NIH A KITHUAPTE GAWM DING

Tedim pau-ah kammal kithuap tam mahmah hi. Tua bang kammal kithuapte I gelh ciangin kimat ding hi. Tatna zem (Adverb) pianzia zem (Adjective) te tawh gelhzia kibang hi. Awmal kihual tatna le pianzia a zemthuahte zong kammal kimatsak ding hi.

Gentehna in: pai pahpah, khang toto, hoih mahmah, pai sese, pai kheukheu, tu kheukhau, tai zaza, awng zeza.

PAU ZEPNA KAMMAL (PARTICLE) TE GAWM DING

Pau zepna kammal cih ciangin Mangte in (Particle) a cihte ahi hi. Tedim kamah tampi om hi.

Gentehna: zawzen, zawsop, zawlai, aive, tazen, mataw, khiamawk, tanghial, laidep, vialzen.

MATHUAPTE A ZOM KAMMAL TAWH KIMAT DING

Mathuap(prefix) kammal ki-, pi-, te a kipan a om peuhpeuh a zom kammal tawh kimat ding hi. A kimat manin a khiatna a kitelkhial thei dingte thekna(hyphen) tawh kikhen ding hi.

Gen: ki-: kideih, kiho, kimawl, kium, ki-it, ki-at, ki-en.

Gen: pi-: pibawl, picing, pimun, pingaihsut.

NUNGTHUAPTE A MAI A KAMMAL TAWH KIMAT DING

Tedim kam ah nungthuap (suffix) kammal tam simsim I nei hi. Hih kammalte a kizat ciangin a mai a kammal tawh kimat ding hi. A khiatna a kikhel thei dingte thekna (hyphen) tawh kikhen ding hi. Gentehna in: -bawl: cilbawl, khembawl.

-dan: bawldan, itdan -huai: dahhuai, haihuai

-kha: genkha, khialkha -khia: genkhia, honkhia

-khial: enkhial, mukhial -lam: deihlam, gollam

-pi: bulpi,huihpi,innpi

-pih: hopih, lungdampih

-sa: baihsa, neksa -sak: samsak,deihsak

-tan: kuaitan, nawktan

-vai: cilvai, haivai -gai: negai, sigai

-san: paisan, taisan,ciahsan

-sat: kapsat, khensat

NUNGTHUAP-MATHUAP KIKOPTE KIMAT DING

Mathuap le nungthuap a kopa kithuah khawm kammal-te kimat ding hi. A kitelkhial thei dingte thekna (hyphen) tawh kikhen ding hi. Thekna tawh a kikhen ciangin a kammal khiatna ngaihsun in khensiam ding kisam hi.

ki—bawl kihaibawl, kikhembawl, kisimmawh-bawl

ki—dan kideihsakdan, ki-itdan, kikep-dan

ki—kha kipalkha, kiphukha, kisatkha, kisukha

ki—khia kihawlkhia, kikhahkhia, kilawnkhia

ki—khial kitelkhial, kitheikhial, kizangkhial

ki—pih kiciahpih, kinuampih, kithuahpih, kisihpih

ki—sak kideihsak, kiphasak, kihehpih-huaisakdan

AWMAL TAMTE THEKNA (HYPHEN) TAWH KHEN DING

Kammal khat bek hi napi, awmal a sau luate thekna (hyphen) tawh kikhen thei hi.

Gentehna: sakhi-tuihup, pheituam-sungten, khuasia-meide, va-singdangtu. kihehpih-huaisakna, kisimmawh-bawlna,

Awmal tam mawkmawk hi lo-a, Zomite’ I neih kamkop mal-lite thekna tawh peh ding hi. Gentehna: annek-tuidawn, cimawh-genthei, gilkial-dangtak, huansak-huankhang, ankhing-tuibuk, kawlgam-vaigam, sungta-putu, zusa-vasa.

KAMKOPTE

Kam nupa a ci zong om hi. Tedim kam a khumna, a thupina le a kicinna ahi hi. Hih kammalte a kisam bangbang a zat theihna in Zokam siamna a hi hi. Kamkopte kammal omzia namthum pha hi. Tua te in: 1. ‘a’ tawh kipan kamkopte 2. ‘na’ tawh kipan kamkopte 3. ‘le’ tawh kipan kamkopte 4. Kammal kikopte a hi hi

(1) ‘a’ tawh kipan kamkopte a neu a lian, a zu a ham, a sia a pha, a khum a al, a neng a tawng, a lian a neu, a duk a dak, a suk a to

(2) ‘na’ tawh kikhup kammalte dahna kahna, gimna tawlna, citna siamna, sihna manna, nekna dawnna, ciahna kuanna

(3) ‘le’ tawh kigawm kamkopte Beh le phung, khua le tui, khual le tual, dam le nat, gal le sa, gam le lei, kam le muk, gawh le lup, it le ngaih

(4) Kammalli kopte ankhing tubuk, tui-um belsuan, gentheih liangvaih, sinkham lungkham, dipkuat patauh, neihsa lamsa, lungdam sinnuam, uisan saakliak

MIN GELH ZIA

Tedim mite min a kigelh ciangin minmal khat sim tuamsin ding hi. 1.1 Minpi: Min malte kihal ding hi.

1.2 Minno: Min malte kimat ding hi.

1.3 Minsel: Minselte kimat ding hi. Gentehna: Lianpupa, Lamvungnu

Nasep minte kimat den ding hi. gentehna: Hausapa, Siavuanpa, lokhote, anhuante
Khuamin le vengminte kimat den ding hi. gentehna: Tedim, Tualzang, Tungtuang, Lawibual
Ganhing minte kimat den ding hi.A min sau luate thekna tawh kidei ding hi. gentehna: Zawhngeu, Sahang, Humpi-nelkai
Nata minte kimat den ding hi. gentehna: mehthuk, tutphah, puanlaisan, pheituamtual, siktawlai, meitei, kawlsing
Beh minte kimat dending hi. gentehna: Hatlang, Ngaihte, , Hautual, Gualnam
A hon genna minte a nuai a bangin kigelh ding hi. gentehna: mi hon, mi honpi, mihau pawl, khangno pawl
Lawnmawh minte kimat den ding hi. gentehna: deihna, pilna, tupna, hauhna, cidamna, dammawhna, hehpihna, nopsakna
Khualmi, gammi, behmite, kimat den ding hi. A kisapna munte ah thekna tawh kidei thei hi. gentehna: Tedimte, Kansauzangte, Mandalayte, Kawlte, Sente, Indiate, autualte Singaporete,Gualnamte, Hatlangte
Min khat pen a khiatna kicingzaw dinga kammal dang khat tawh a kibehlap ciangin, tua kammal tegel kimat ding hi. Gentehna: Min+min: Gam-ak, lailu, Lai-ip, Mualsuang.

Min+tatna: Nitang, guahzu, lokho, sangkah.

Min+pianzia: Sahang, humpi-nelkai,sazukki

LAILEPNA

Lai gelh ciangin, lailepnate hoihtaka zat theih ding a thupi mahmah khat a hi hi. Zatkhialh manin thu kitheikhial tampi om thei hi. Lepsiamna in laisimte tawldamsak hi. A gennop thu theihbaih diak hi.Laisimte in thupi sim hi. A nuai a lailepna nam 7 te kizatdan sin ni.

Tawpna Full stop (.) 2. Husanna Comma (,) 3. Ngakna Colon (:) 4 Thekna Hyphen (“) 5. Tanglak Apostrophy (‘) 6. Kual Bracket ( ) 7. Git-awn Slash (/)

Tawpna = full stop (.)

1,1 Laigual vuicing khat khawlsakna a hi hi. gentehna: I lai gelh zia kibang sak ni.

1.2 A seh gen na in kizang hi. gentehna: 2.5 90.75%

1.3 Kammal tom lakna in kizang hi gentehna: Ph.D, Mr. Capt. Tg.

1.4 A nuai a munte-ah ki zang lo ding hi. gentehna: Zolai GelhziaSiapi Hang Za Lian (Siapi. Hang Za Lian hi lo ding) Major That Tung Nung (Major. That Tung Nung hilo)

1.5 Tawpna nungah laimal khatcia mun kiawng sak den ding hi. gentehna: Thu khat hong gen ning._Limtak na ngai in,

Husanna = Comma (,)

2.1 A banban-a kigelh minte, thute deina-in kizang hi. gentehna: Ko innah Thangpu, Cingno le Khen Thang hong hawh uh hi.

2.2 Nimit gelh ciangin kizang hi gentehna: January, 6 2007, 6th January,2007,

2.3 A kitomlak kammalte deina in kizang hi. gentehna: B.A M.A.,M.R.E. D.D

2.4 ‘le’ kammal nungah kizang lo ding hi. gentehna: Thangpi, Lunsen le Lian Pau pilpen uh hi. 2.5 Husanna nungah laimal khatcia awngsak ding hi gentehna: Anna huan inla,_puan kawt twng zong na pho in.

Ngakna = Colon (: )

3.1 Lai siangtho a lian a neu deina in kizang hi. gentehna: Matthai 5:3 I Korin 14:14

3.2 thukhat a kigelh na sungah midang kampau khat a kiguan ciang deina in kizang hi. gentehna: Jesu in:”Note khat le khat na ki-it un,” a ci hi.

3.3 A kigelh thu khat, a kicingzaw-a behlap ciang a deina in ki zang hi. gentehna: Kong vaikhakte: thopuan, puanza, laibu le lai kung hong lei mangngilh kei in.

Thekna = Hyphen (-)

4.1 Kammal sau khat laigual mong-ah a tat loh cianga khenna in kizang hi.

gentehna: Nong pai ciangin ka nu zong hong tonpih inla, vanleeng hong zui un. Lampi-ah na kithuahpih dingin Thangbawi mah muan-huai pen inteh.

4.2 Kammal kimat pawlkhat a kisim khialh loh nadinga aw khenna in kizang hi.

gentehna: Topa tungah ki-ap in. Ki-angvan lua kei in

3 Hun kikal, mun kikal lahna in kizang hi.

gentehna: 1991-95 sung Yangon ah sang ka kah hi. January 1-3, 2009 sung kikhoppi om ding hi. Yangon-Kawlpi vanleeng a om ding hiam?

Tanglak = Apostrophy (‘)

5.1 Laimal tangin tomlakna in kizang thei hi. gentehna: Ka nu’n hong it hi. (‘in tang-a kizang)

5.2 Awsang lahna ah kizang lo ding hi.

gentehna: Lianpu tai sim-a, a nu in tai’ gawp hi. ( X )

5.3 ‘g’ tawh a tawp kammalte nungthuap ‘na’ tawh a kithuah ciangin, ‘g’ tangin zathuai lo hi. gentehna: siangtho-sian’thona; minthang- min’thanna (X )

Kual = Bracket ( )

6.1 Midangte pau, a hih keileh gentel deuhna kammal khat peuh a kigelh thuah ciangin ki zang hi.

gentehna: Ka tanu in zato siamah (nurse) sem hi Lai gelhzia (Othography) a kician I neih kul hi A khawnkhong(man nei lo) in ki ngah hi,

6.2 Nambat gelh ciangin a kisam lopi-in kual zanglo ding hi. gentehna: Pawlmi 15,000 ka pha uh hi. (kual kisamlo) 1995 kum in tansawm ka ong hi. (kual ki sam lo)